Author: Debanka

FIR Filter native panel allows you to configure the Mode of each enabled filter and to load coefficients as well. In order to see the graphs, you need to import coefficients. Use ‘Import’ or ‘Import All’ option  to import coefficients.

To open the native panel, double-click on the FIR Filter audio object in the signal flow designer.

Amplitude/Phase: When the coefficients are given and “Amplitude/Phase” option is selected, the graph display the value.

Coefficients:  When the coefficients are given and the “Coefficients” option is selected, the graph displays the values as per below figure. You can change the graph style using the “Chart Style” option.

Line chart style: when “Chart Style” selected as Line, the Coefficients graph.
Dot chart style: when “Chart Style” selected as Dot, the Coefficients graph.

Group Delay: When the coefficients are given and “Group Delay” option is selected, the graph display the values.

Curves Legend: This option allows you to show the details of which graph tab (Amplitude/Phase, Coefficients, Group Delay) is selected.

On the selection of Amplitude/Phase graph tab Curves Legend will show below information.
On the selection of Coefficients graph tab and Chart Styles ‘Dots’, Curves Legend will show below information.
On the selection of Coefficients graph tab and Chart Styles ‘Line’, Curves Legend will show information.
On the selection of Group Delay graph tab, Curves Legend will show information.

Additional Functionalities

• Flat: This is used to make the graph flat by making coefficients to 0.
• Import: This function is used to import the coefficients for a single active filter. Click on the “Import” button, then enter the file path and click Ok.
  All coefficients for the selected filter will be imported, as shown in the graph. If the number of coefficients does not match the number of taps, a warning pop up will appear. Click ‘Yes’ to import available coefficients or click ‘No’ to cancel the import.
• Export: This option is used to export coefficients for selected active filter into csv file.
• Export All: This option is used to export all active filters in one go. Click on the “Export All” button, enter the path and file name, then click Ok. A xml file will be created which have coefficients for each active filter.
• Import All: This option is used to import all coefficients in one go. Click on the “Import All” button, enter the XML file path and then click Ok. All the given coefficients will be imported and can be seen in the graph.
• Read:  This is used to read from the target to display in the panel.
• Send: This is used to send the values changed in panel to target.

The Control Smooth audio object is used to smoothen the sharp changes in the control values before feeding them as control inputs to another AO. Sharp changes in the control value could cause artifacts in the audio output; in these situations, the Control Smooth audio object can be used to prevent artifacts.
For smoothening, this audio object uses a simple one pole filter that offers exponentially raising step response.

Use Case: This Control Smooth audio object can be used where there is a necessity to avoid drastic changes in control values that are fed as control inputs to an audio object.  Below are a few examples:

• Interpolation between CAN updates.
• Control value smoothing to help avoid chatter in AO blocks with control thresholds or hysteresis (eg. gearshift simulator, steady state fade-out control, RNC control for vehicle speed ON/OFF control).
• Audio Objects that do not have support for ramping for change in control values.

Control Smooth Properties

Below table describes about the Control Smooth audio object properties and functionality.

Properties	Description
Number of Controls	Enter the number of control IO. The number of control inputs is same as the number of control outputs and the same is configurable via GTT. Range: 1 to 16 Default: 1
Display Name	Display name of the Control Smooth audio object in signal flow design. It can be changed based on the intended usage of the object.

Mode

The Control Smooth object does not support any modes.

Additional Parameter

Parameter	Description
Block Control	This variable is used to enable or disable block control. 0 – Block Control Disabled (Default) 1 – Block Control Enabled

Tuning Parameters

The object has the below three tuning parameters that are applicable for all the control inputs.

Parameter	Description	Data Type	Range	Default	Unit
Bypass	The Control Smooth object functionality can be bypassed with this option	ULong	0 – Bypass OFF 1 – Bypass ON	0	None
Smooth Time	Time taken by the smoothening filter to reach the target control value	Float	Block length duration to 10000	Block length duration	ms
Hysteresis	The tolerance below or above which the filter starts adapting to new target value	Float	0 to 100	0	percent

Control Interface

Default number of control IO is 1 and configurable through the AO property – NumElements.

Native Panel

The Control Smooth object does not support native panel.

The ParameterBiquad panel can be used to apply Biquad filters to the signal. It is accessed through the Normal biquad object and Parameter biquad audio object, each offers different modes. When using parameter one or parameter one control set mode, channel selection is not required since the identical biquad parameters are applied to all channels within the device.

The frequency axis scale based on the minimum value of either the maximum value of Frequency StateVariable or (Selected Sample Rate / 2 )* 0.999.

Channel List

On the top left of the EqPanel, there is a list from which you can choose a channel for the current core. The current channel is marked with a green square and its details are displayed in the header of the channel list.

EQ Chart

This chart represents the influence of all Biquads on the frequency and phase response. The left axis shows the amplitude in dB, and the right axis shows the phase in degrees. The number of Biquads are defined with the Signal Flow Designer. The Biquads get dynamically managed inside the GTT. Most of the Biquads are represented by appropriate markers.

Markers

Markers are movable. Moving them allows you to amend the current Biquad parameters. Each marker corresponds to one or two Biquad parameters. For example, the equalizer shown below has three markers.

Biquad Settings

On the Biquad settings window, you can perform the following operations.

Enabling Bypass

• Click on the Bypass button to enable or disable Bypass.
• In bypassed state, the button is red colored and green colored when biquad is in non-bypassed state.

Biquad is in bypassed state by default.

Change the Frequency, Gain, and Quality

• Frequency: It is used to set the center frequency of each filter.
• Gain: It is used to set the center frequency gain of each band of the filter. Not all filter types offer a variable gain.
• Quality: It is used to set the width of each band pass or notch type band of the filter. Not all filter types offer a variable quality factor.

• • Using the increment and decrement buttons you can change the value.
    Or
  • Select the tuner and use mouse scroll to adjust the value

Change Biquad type

The Biquad Filter Menu shows a list of all Biquads types that are set up in the amplifier for the current channel. You can change the Biquad type or remove the Biquad by setting it to Bypass (at the top of the list).

Biquad Chart Type

• Amplitude phase: It is used to turn on and off appropriate charts.
• Phase Unwrapped: It displays absolute values.

• • If the phase is wrapped, the display is limited to ± 180 °.
  • If the phase exceeds 180 ° or -180 ° it is continued on the other side of the vertical scale.

• Used Biquads: This informs you about the available Biquads. The first number is the number of Biquads that have not been bypassed. The second number is the number of available Biquads.
• Sample rate: It shows the sample rate at which the filters are operated.

Biquad Curve Legend

Click on Curve Legend to display all the associated legends. By default, all the curve legends are enabled on the graph. Uncheck the curve to hide it from the graph.

High Order Filters

The biquad object does not support natively high order filters. To work with high order filters, biquad panel can merge two low order filters into one high order filter automatically. Below table describes the rules of combining the filters.

First biquad Type	Second biquad Type	Comparison	Result
HighPass2	HighPass1	B1Freq = B2Freq and B1Q = 1	HighButterworth3
HighPass2	HighPass1	1.03*B1Freq = 0.93*B2Freq and B1Q = 0.69	HighBessel3
HighPass2	HighPass2	B1Freq = B2Freq and B1Q = 1.31 and B2Q = 0.54	HighButterworth4
HighPass2	HighPass2	B1Freq = B2Freq and B1Q = 0.71 and B2Q = 0.71	HighLinkwitzRiley4
HighPass2	HighPass2	1.04*B1Freq = 0.93*B2Freq and B1Q = 0.81 and B2Q = 0.52	HighBessel4
LowPass2	LowPass1	B1Freq = B2Freq and B1Q = 1	LowButterworth3
LowPass2	LowPass1	B1Freq/1.03 = B2Freq/0.93 and B1Q = 0.69	LowBessel3
LowPass2	LowPass2	B1Freq = B2Freq and B1Q = 1.31 and B2Q = 0.54	LowButterworth4
LowPass2	LowPass2	B1Freq = B2Freq and B1Q = 0.71 and B2Q = 0.71	LowLinkwitzRiley4
LowPass2	LowPass2	B1Freq/1.04 = B2Freq/0.93 and B1Q = 0.81 and B2Q = 0.52	LowBessel4

• B1Freq – first biquad frequency
• B2Freq – second biquad frequency
• B1Q – first biquad quality
• B2Q – second biquad quality

Export & Import

Biquad parameters can be exported by clicking the export button as csv in the below format.

The exported file can be imported back to the panel using the import button.

Coefficient biquad native panel is launched for the Coefficient biquad audio object. The panel has two modes.

• Coefficient
• Parameter

The frequency axis scale based on the minimum value of either the maximum value of Frequency StateVariable or (Selected Sample Rate / 2 )* 0.999.

Coefficient Mode

Panel contains channel drop-down and option to import and export coefficients. The panel has a chart that has only total amplitude and total phase graphs.

The “Send” button sends the biquad coefficients to the device. The biquads configured will show up with 5 coefficients each numbered 1 to n.

The coefficients will have default values 1,0,0,0,0.

Coefficients cannot be edited. It can be filled only by importing coefficients from a .csv file. The format of the file is shown below.

The current implementation will import coefficients to the biquads that are configured and leave the biquads that is not listed in the import file untouched. Please make sure you add default values to the ones that do not have coefficients.

Presets at the bottom to save different coefficient values are supported like any other native panels.

Parameter mode

In this mode, you can set parameters using filters, just like in the EQ Panel. Parameters for all channels can be exported and imported.

The “Calculate” button calculates all parameters to coefficients but does not send them to the device. It switches to Coefficient mode so that they can be checked and sent with the “Send” button.

It is not possible to calculate coefficients to parameters, so it is possible that the coefficients will be different than the parameters. That is, the parameter mode may not reflect the state of the device/coefficients. It is possible after loading parameters sets, reading data from device or importing coefficients.

The XoverBiquad panel is to tune XoverBiquad audio object. The audio object computes crossover bi-quadratic filter coefficients in the Xover Biquad panel, which also computes the output of the input audio buffers processed through the filters that users specify for each channel.

The frequency axis scale based on the minimum value of either the maximum value of Frequency StateVariable or (Selected Sample Rate / 2 )* 0.999.

Channel List

On the Xover Biquad panel, you have the option to choose a channel for the current core from a list located at the top left.

The current channel is marked with a green square and its number is displayed in the header of the channel list.

Xover Biquad Chart

This chart represents the influence of all Biquads on the frequency and phase response. The left axis shows the amplitude in dB, and the right axis shows the phase in degrees and the X- axis shows the gain.

The number of Biquads are defined with the Signal Flow Designer. The Biquads get dynamically managed inside the GTT. Most of the Biquads are represented by appropriate markers.

Markers

Markers are movable. Moving them allows you to modify frequency parameter.

Biquad Settings

Enabling Bypass

• Click on the  Bypass button to enable or disable Bypass.
• In bypassed state, the button is red colored and green colored when biquad is in non-bypassed state.

Biquad is in a bypassed state by default.

Even the higher order filter in Xover biquad only uses one biquad, so the number of bands assigned to the object will be equal to the number of biquads in the panel. Therefore, when the panel launches, it contains all of the biquads.

Change the Frequency, Gain, and Quality

Frequency: It is used to set the center frequency of each filter.

Gain: Gain is set to zero dB for all the filter types.

Quality: It is used to set the width of each band pass or notch type band of the filter. It is set to 0.58 for Bessel type filters, 0.50 for the LinkwitzRelay type filters and 0.71 for other types of filters.

• Using the increment and decrement buttons you can change the value.
  Or
• Select the tuner and use mouse scroll to adjust the value

Change Biquad Type

The Biquad Filter Menu shows a list of all Biquads that are set up in the amplifier for the current channel. You can change the Biquad type in the combo box.

You cannot add new filters to the Xover Panel. All available filters are added and bypassed at panel startup.

Xover Biquad supports Higher order filters, hence there is no necessity to merge nor split of biquads.

Biquad Chart Type

Amplitude phase: It is used to turn on and off appropriate charts.

Phase Unwrapped: It displays absolute values.

• If the phase is wrapped, the display is limited to ± 180 °.
• If the phase exceeds 180 ° or -180 ° it is continued on the other side of the vertical scale.

Used Biquads: This informs you about the available Biquads. The first number is the number of Biquads that have not been bypassed. The second number is the number of available Biquads.

Sample Rate: It shows the sample rate at which the filters are operated.

This panel is supported from audio library version 13.0.0.2016 (M-release) onwards. After loading the library import the project again to launch the Xover panel.

Biquad Curve Legend

Click on Curve Legend to display all the associated legends. By default, all the curve legends are enabled on the graph. Uncheck the curve to hide it from the graph.

Export & Import

Biquad parameters can be exported by clicking the export button as csv in the below format.

The biquad parameters can be exported in the following format by clicking the export button as a CSV file.

The exported file can be imported back to the panel using the import button.

The ToneControlExtended panel is to tune ToneControlExtended audio object. The state variables of ToneControlExtended audio object can be updated using this panel.

The frequency axis scale based on the minimum value of either the maximum value of Frequency StateVariable or (Selected Sample Rate / 2)* 0.999.

Tone Control Extended Chart

This chart represents the influence of all bands on the frequency and phase response. The left axis shows the amplitude in dB, the right axis shows the phase in degrees, and the X-axis shows the gain.

The number of Bands are defined with the Signal Flow Designer. The Bands get dynamically managed inside the GTT. Most of the Bands are represented by appropriate markers.

Markers

Markers are movable. Moving them allows you to amend the current Band parameters. Each marker corresponds to one or two Band parameters. For example, the equalizer shown below has three markers.

Band Settings

On the Band settings window, you can perform the following operations.

Change the Frequency, Gain, and Quality

Frequency: It is used to set the center frequency of each filter.

Gain: It is used to set the center frequency gain of each band of the filter. Not all filter types offer a variable gain.

Quality: It is used to set the width of each band pass or notch type band of the filter. Not all filter types offer a variable quality factor.

• Using the increase and decrease buttons you can change the value.
  Or
• Select the tuner and use mouse scroll to adjust the value.

All available filters are added, and default selection is set as All Pass 2 at panel startup.

Change Band type

The Band Filter menu shows a list of all Bands that are set up in the amplifier for the current channel. You can change the Biquad type or remove the Band by setting it to Bypass (at the top of the list).

Band Chart Type

Amplitude phase: It is used to turn on and off appropriate charts.

Phase Unwrapped: It displays absolute values.

• If the phase is wrapped, the display is limited to ± 180 °.
• If the phase exceeds 180 ° or -180 ° it is continued on the other side of the vertical scale.

Used Biquads: This informs you about the available Biquads. The first number is the number of Biquads that have not been bypassed. The second number is the number of available Biquads.

Sample rate: It shows the sample rate at which the filters are operated.

Band Curve Legend

Click on Curve Legend to display all the associated legends. By default, all the curve legends are enabled on the graph. Uncheck the curve to hide it from the graph.

• Panel preset is used to store the tuning parameter.
• Ramp time is used to set the ramp characteristic of the object.

In Tone Control Extended Panel, there is no channel selector since the band values are the same across all the channels.

Get LUT data

When a Tone Control Extended is connected to the LUT objects, the Tone Control Extended Panel displays the graph for the LUT data.

These graphs are just for visualization; you cannot alter the graph values from the panel.

1. Connect the LUT objects to Control pins of Tone Control Extended objects.
   
2. Open LUT panel and set row, column name and values.
   
3. Open Tone Control Extended panel and click Get LUT data. This will plot the graph for the LUT data.

If anyone pin is not connected to LUT in a particular band, then corresponding tuning value will be used to plot curve.

Curve Legend

• This is a movable control and can be expanded or collapsed. It can be moved anywhere within the panel.
• It has the following information: Filter Name, Band Number, Row Name, Frequency, Gain, Quality value.
  • Ex: Equalizer 1 Frequency1 500 Gain 4 Quality 1
• Check box can be used to show/hide the specific curve
• When corresponding row name is not available we will mark with “—“. This means the data comes from Tuning data “Clear LUT data” will switch back to the previous mode.

“Get LUT data” is supported only when it is directly connected to the LUT object.

The Power Manager Audio Object is intended to protect GreenEdge speakers from damage. Power Manager can limit peak-voltage and average-power delivered to speakers by usage of three limiters. The three limiters are grouped into two main sub-blocks. The peak-voltage sub-block consists of a frequency-dependent limiter which protects against cone over-excursion. The power-limiter sub-block is made up of a short-term and a long-term limiter, each of which can be configured to attack at a distinct power threshold over an independent time-averaging window. The limiters can be triggered separately. The data necessary for configuring voltage and power limiting is provided by the transducers team.

The power limiter is meant to protect the speaker’s components from overheating.

Use Case: Power Manager is intended for the protection of GreenEdge speakers. These are usually placed on “boosted” channels (with voltages above battery level), which increase the risk of damage.

Power Manager Properties

Properties	Descriptions
# of channels	The number of channels are configurable. Range: 1 to 64 The number of Outputs is equal to the number of Inputs.
Display Name	Display the name of the PowerManager audio object in signal flow design. It can be changed based on the intended usage of the object.
Object mode	The Power Manager audio object does not support any mode.
Additional Configuration Parameters	Look Ahead Delay

Additional Configuration Parameters

Look-ahead delay [samples]: The fixed delay in samples for the audio signal. This delay improves the response of the peak-voltage limiter at frequencies over 10 kHz.

Tuning Parameters

The power manager consists of the following parameters as tuning options in GTT for each channel.

From AWX “Y” release, these parameters are not saved to set files. These parameters need to be tuned manually, cannot be loaded from set files.

Name	Unit	Format	Range	Default	Description
StAvgPowerTime	s	Float	0.1 – 100	2	Averaging time window for the short-term power limiter.
LtAvgPowerTime	s	Float	0.1 – 100	10	Averaging time window for the long-term power limiter.
StPowerTrsh	W	Float	0 – 100	10	The power threshold over which the short-term power limiter will start reducing gain.
LtPowerTrsh	W	Float	0 – 100	5	The power threshold over which the long-term power limiter will start reducing gain.
PowerAttRate	dB/s	Float	0 – 5	1	The rate at which any of the power limiters will reduce gain when the threshold is crossed.
PowerRelRate	dB/s	Float	0 – 5	1	The rate at which any of the power limiters will go back to unity gain when the threshold is not being crossed.
PowerDepth	–	Float	0 – 1	3.8E-07	The maximum attenuation allowed for the power limiters.
VoltPeakTimeConstant	s	Float	0 – 5	0.008	The tau-constant for the first-order averaging filter used in envelope detection. The envelope level will decay at this rate when the signal peak is at a lower level.
VoltTreshLinearScale	V	Float	0 – 100	1	The reference threshold from which the contour filters bias the incoming signal.
VoltAttRate	dB/s	Float	0 – 30000	2000	The rate at which the peak limiter reduces gain when the contoured threshold has been crossed.
VoltRelRate	dB/s	Float	0 – 30000	500	The rate at which the peak limiter goes back to unity gain when the contoured threshold is not being crossed.
VoltageScalar	V	Float	1 – 100	1	The relation between the configured limiter-threshold voltage and the output voltage of the power IC used.

In Addition to the above tuning parameters, Power Manager uses below filters to model the peak voltage and the admittance of the speaker.

• Voltage Contour Filters: Cascade of three bi-quadratic filters which are used to model the frequency-dependent peak-voltage limit for the speaker.
• Admittance Filters: Cascade of three bi-quadratic filters, which are used to model the admittance of the speaker. These are used to calculate current consumption and in turn estimate power.

Voltage contour filters and Admittance filters coefficients loaded into DSP/Amplifier can be visualized in SV tree and GTT panel.

Name	Unit	Format	Range	Default
b0	–	Float	-100 – 100	1
b1	–	Float	-100 – 100	0
b2	–	Float	-100 – 100	0
a1	–	Float	-100 – 100	0
a2	–	Float	-100 – 100	0

GTT panel also displays frequency response of filters. Please note that the filter coefficients cannot be tuned from GTT. The filter coefficients are loaded in DSP/Amplifier through a unique API.

• Voltage-Contour and Admittance Filter Coefficients Generation: The Transducer engineer provides specifications that include the recommended speaker peak voltages (used to design the voltage contour filters, which prevent over-excursion), impedance and power dissipation (used to design the admittance filters, which prevent overheating). The voltage contour and admittance filter coefficients need to be generated based on the aforementioned specifications using a curve-fitting tool, typically a MATLAB GUI.

The transducer specifications also include the recommended crossover filters. Make sure the crossovers are present and as close as possible to the specification to remove spectral content that could affect the power manager performance.

State Parameters

Parameters	Description
Voltage contour filter coefficients	Used to read back voltage contour filter coefficients from the target DSP.
Admittance filter coefficients	Used to read back the admittance filter coefficients from the target DSP

Control Interface

The PowerManager AO does not have any control inputs or control outputs.

Native Panel

PowerManager  AO  supports native panel. The native panel window has different controls for configuring tuning parameters, fields for displaying coefficients and graph for displaying output voltage/ power. Native panel can be opened by double-clicking on the PowerManager object in the  SFD. For more details, refer Power Manager Panel.

Level monitor custom native panel can be used to visualize measurements and to tune measurement parameters, like types of level values. Panel shows as many channels as it is specified in SFD.

Level Monitor object has 2 working mode.

Level Monitor: Level Monitor mode is used by engineers to measure level of volume in audio pipeline.

Clip Meter: Clip Meter mode is used to check if the level is causing clipping.

State tab is used to show the level values or clipping indicators. This tab is read only.
Tune and custom tabs are used to adjust measurement parameters.

Basically, this audio object allows to identify the “sweet spot” of the sound by moving in the x and y directions. Using this method, you can optimize the sound loudness on the left or back of the cabin.
Used to map the channels to Balance Speaker group and Fader speaker group.

• Morphing time: The range is from 0 s (no morphing) to 0.1 s.
  Morphing time follows time constant and the morphing time is denoted as M. Following is the percentage of change achieved:
  – After M: 63%
  – After 2M: 86%
  – After 3M: 95%
  – After 4M: 98%
  – After 5M: 99%
  Hence the morphing time can be configured accordingly.

The morphing time (through V release) is actually a time constant.  Therefore if you want your morph 99+% complete in 100ms you should specify 20ms, not 100.  One time constant will morph 63% of the way there.

• Channel assignment: Assigns a particular audio channel to one or none of the speaker types in each group.
  • Balance Speaker Types: CENTER, LEFT & RIGHT
  • Fader Speaker Types: CENTER, SIDE, BASS, FRONT & REAR

Fader tab

Used to control the gain level of fader in the range -128  to 0 dB.

• Front
• Center
• Side
• Rear
• Bass

Balance tab

Used to control the gain level of balance in range -128 dB to 0 dB.

• Center
• Left
• Right

When engineers need to control the volume or mute settings in their audio pipeline, they utilize the Volume and Mute audio objects. To modify the parameters of these objects, a custom native panel is used.
Possible configuration and its effects are shown in the table below.

Configuration	Effect
Mode	Tune and State	Ramp Characteristic
OneSet	Volume , Mute, and Invert is common to all channels.	Ramping values is common to all channels.
MultiSet	Volume ,Mute and Invert is for each individual channels.	Ramping values is common to all channels.
MultiSet Ramp	Volume, Mute, and Invert and Ramping values is for each individual channels.

Based on the configuration, user interface of the panel can vary.

As a result of this fact, the user interface of the current panel also undergoes changes to accommodate all the controls necessary for handling the audio object configuration.

You can modify any available state variables.

• To change volume, down or up ramp rate/time please use vertical faders or textboxes under them.
• To mute a specific channel in “Multi Set” modes or all channels in “Single Set” mode, simply click on the “Muted” or “Unmuted” button.
• To shift the phase of a specific channel in “Multi Set” modes or all channels in “Single Set” mode, click on the “In Phase or Inverted” button.

For ramping parameters, ramp shape can be set in one out of three shapes.

• Linear ramp shape
• Exponential ramp shape
• Jump ramp shape (volume increases immediately without any ramp shape)